Μνημόνιο της Βουδαπέστης: Πώς η Ουκρανία έχασε τα πυρηνικά της 

Στις 5 Δεκεμβρίου 1994, τρεις πυρηνικές δυνάμεις, η Ρωσική Ομοσπονδία, οι ΗΠΑ και το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο υπέγραψαν το Μνημόνιο της Βουδαπέστης. Με το Μνημόνιο της Βουδαπέστης, η Ουκρανία πήρε εγγυήσεις από τις ΗΠΑ και το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, ότι θα την προστατεύσουν σε περίπτωση εξωτερικής απειλής, με την πρώτη να έχει ήδη συμφωνήσει να παραδώσει τα πυρηνικά τη όπλα. Παρ' όλα αυτά, δεν ήταν μόνο αυτές οι τρεις που υπέγραψαν τη συμφωνία, αλλά και η Ρωσία.

Bill Clinton (USA), Boris Yeltsin (Russia) and Leonid Kravchuk (Ukraine) in January 1994 signed Trilateral Statement about Ukraine nuclear disarmament.

Αυτό το μνημόνιο παρείχε διαβεβαιώσεις ασφαλείας από τα υπογράφοντα μέρη σχετικά με την προσχώρηση της Ουκρανίας στη Συνθήκη για τη μη διάδοση των πυρηνικών όπλων.

Boris Yeltsin (Russia), Bill Clinton (USA), Leonid Kuchma (Ukraine), John Major (UK) sign the Budapest Memorandum

Σύμφωνα με τη Συνθήκη για τη Μη Διάδοση των Πυρηνικών Όπλων η Ουκρανία αφαίρεσε και κατέστρεψε τα πυρηνικά της όπλα όπως:

130 διηπειρωτικούς βαλλιστικούς πυραυλους με 6 κεφαλές ο καθένας.

46 Διηπειρωτικούς βαλλιστικούς πυραυλους στερεών καυσίμων με 10 κεφαλές ο καθένας, με βεληνεκές 11.000 km. 

25 Tu-95MS – μεγάλα στρατηγικά βομβαρδιστικά και πλατφόρμες πυραύλων, με τέσσερις στροβιλοκινητήρες.

19 Tu-160 – υπερηχητικά, βαριά στρατηγικά βομβαρδιστικά πτέρυγας μεταβλητής σάρωσης.

1080 πυρηνικούς πυραυλους κρουζ μεγάλου βεληνεκούς «αέρος-εδάφους».

Αρκετές εκατοντάδες πυρηνικά όπλα από διάφορες μονάδες.

Destruction of Tu-160 supersonic, variable sweep wingheavy strategic bomber

Destroyed air base in Stryy (Lviv region) where were based 260th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment

Destroyed missile launch facility (underground missile silo)

Το πλήρες κείμενο του Μνημονίου:

Budapest, 5 December 1994

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

Welcoming the accession of Ukraine to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as a non-nuclear-weapon State,

Taking into account the commitment of Ukraine to eliminate all nuclear weapons from its territory within a specified period of time,

Noting the changes in the world-wide security situation, including the end of the Cold War, which have brought about conditions for deep reductions in nuclear forces.

Confirm the following:

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm their commitment to Ukraine, in accordance with the principles of the CSCE Final Act, to respect the Independence and Sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine.

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm their obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of Ukraine, and that none of their weapons will ever be used against Ukraine except in self-defense or otherwise in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm their commitment to Ukraine, in accordance with the principles of the CSCE Final Act, to refrain from economic coercion designed to subordinate to their own interest the exercise by Ukraine of the rights inherent in its sovereignty and thus to secure advantages of any kind.

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm their commitment to seek immediate United Nations Security Council action to provide assistance to Ukraine, as a non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, if Ukraine should become a victim of an act of aggression or an object of a threat of aggression in which nuclear weapons are used.

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm, in the case of the Ukraine, their commitment not to use nuclear weapons against any non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, except in the case of an attack on themselves, their territories or dependent territories, their armed forces, or their allies, by such a state in association or alliance with a nuclear weapon state. 

The United States of America, the Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland will consult in the event a situation arises which raises a question concerning these commitments.

This Memorandum will become applicable upon signature.

Signed in four copies having equal validity in the English, Russian and Ukrainian languages.

Angela Merkel (Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety of Germany) and Yuriy Kostenko (Ministry for the Environment, and Nuclear Safety of Ukraine, head of workgroup of ratification START I ) in 1994

ΠΗΓΗ: https://uaposition.com/20th-anniversary-of-the-budapest-memorandum/